In the past, in and out attendance marking of labours and workers were done through manual registration with time card sheets. Manual time keeping system consumes a lot of time with calculation errors. It was then followed by time clock machines with time punching cards entering the industry. This systems was able to provided companies with a record of proper basic in and out attendance records of employees.
This time card clocking system was later replaced with a technology based on “smart card” that operated with the use of smart card readers like RFID card readers, Mifare card readers and proximity card readers. Businesses and Companies started recording of staff attendance with these types of Smart card punching system and this systems made attendance marking of workers, employees and labours in an intelligent manner. However this systems faced a variety of issues and one of the major concern was buddy punching, a situation which allows fellow employees to punch in the system. Research then lead to the introduction of biometric technology that use finger, palm and retina and other aspects of the human body to identify the individual. Devices such as finger print attendance devices, Palm Vein Readers, Retina Recognition Readers ,Iris Scanners and facial recognition attendance machines entered the market resolving the major issue of buddy punching.
